Jan 30, 2011 · In Python, += is sugar coating for the __iadd__ special method, or __add__ or __radd__ if __iadd__ isn't present. The __iadd__ method of a class can do anything it wants. The list object implements it and uses it to iterate over an iterable object appending each element to itself in the same way that the list's extend method does.

There is no bitwise negation in Python (just the bitwise inverse operator ~ - but that is not equivalent to not). See also 6.6. Unary arithmetic and bitwise/binary operations and 6.7. Binary arithmetic operations. The logical operators (like in many other languages) have the advantage that these are short-circuited.

Jun 17, 2011 · Functions, in Python, are first class objects - which means you can pass a function as an argument to another function, and return functions. Decorators do both of these things. If we stack decorators, the function, as defined, gets passed first to the decorator immediately above it, then the next, and so on.

In Python 2.2 or later in the 2.x line, there is no difference for integers unless you perform a from __future__ import division, which causes Python 2.x to adopt the 3.x behavior. Regardless of the future import, 5.0 // 2 will return 2.0 since that's the floor division result of the operation.

Simply put, the ++ and --operators don't exist in Python because they wouldn't be operators, they would have to be statements. All namespace modification in Python is a statement, for simplicity and consistency. That's one of the design decisions. And because integers are immutable, the only way to 'change' a variable is by reassigning it.

Apr 3, 2014 · The other case involving print >>obj, "Hello World" is the "print chevron" syntax for the print statement in Python 2 (removed in Python 3, replaced by the file argument of the print() function). Instead of writing to standard output, the output is passed to the obj.write() method. A typical example would be file objects having a write() method.

@AdrianKeister, that's because you assigned file_path a 'str' object, not a 'file' object. That's an obvious mistake to a seasoned Python programmer. This answer is a perfectly acceptable way to close a file. However, it is not as idiomatic as using the …

Jul 16, 2020 · For future searchers, if none of the above worked, for me, python was trying to open a folder as a file. Check at the location where you try to open the file, if you have a folder with exactly the same name as the file you try to open (the file extension is part of the file name).

Jun 15, 2021 · A way to do it is to actually start the python interpreter. You can do that with python command. This will start the repl and you will be able to see in the first line something like: Python 2.7.18 (default, Mar 8 2021, 13:02:45) Or. Python 3.8.5 (default, Jan 27 2021, 15:41:15) Please check in the comments other valid ways to do it.

Sep 2, 2017 · I apologize if this is a silly question, but I have been trying to teach myself how to use BeautifulSoup so that I can create a few projects. I was following this link as a tutorial: https://www.y...