The biotic parts of the ecosystem, which include bacteria, flora and fauna, have a complex relationship with the abiotic components - changing one will lead to a change in the other.

The author and editors take ultimate responsibility for the content. A blockchain ecosystem refers to the different parts that make up a blockchain network and how they interact. All serve a role ...

The biotic parts of the ecosystem, which include bacteria, flora and fauna, have a complex relationship with the abiotic components - changing one will lead to a change in the other.

We study the processes and responses of boreal forest ecosystems on different levels, from the scale of tree parts and soil particles to the scale of landscape. We seek to understand how the ...