(Except that we call functions “methods” when they appear inside classes in Python!) You’d then simply use your graphics routines to draw those bad guys to the screen, based on the ...

Python’s inbuilt heapq, or heap queue algorithm, does the job for you. Consider using functools.partial() You might be tempted to use a class because you’re constantly calling a function with ...

you use Python’s class object to make that happen. But creating classes in Python sometimes means writing loads of repetitive, boilerplate code to set up the class instance from the parameters ...

Once you know how to add and use a Python module, you will greatly extend the capabilities of the language. A Python module is an external class or set of functions that exist outside the main ...

Python’s new template strings ... Instead, we do something with their contents by applying a function or class method. A t-string object contains different sub-objects we can iterate through ...

In Python, a class is a blueprint for creating objects ... __new__(cls, name, bases, dct) class MyClass(metaclass=Meta): pass One practical use case for metaclasses is implementing design patterns.