What people tend to overlook, ignore, or forget, is that each “node” in a layer is a block of code ... in supervised or unsupervised learning modes, when a neural network learning pass ...

The Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOM) is an unsupervised learning neural network model widely used in fields such as data clustering, dimensionality reduction, and data visualization. Its core concept ...

These networks, called organoid neural networks (ONNs), show the capacity for unsupervised learning, which is what artificial intelligence (AI) is based on. These mini-organs, when connected to ...