Soil, interestingly, is made of both biotic and abiotic factors. The mineral particles, water and air within soil are abiotic. But soil also teems with living organisms, including bacteria, fungi ...

Ecosystems are made up of living – or biotic – organisms, like plants and animals;which rely on nonliving – or abiotic – things, like the sun and the weather,to survive and thrive.

Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical elements in the environment, which affect individual organisms as well as ecosystems. Examples are UV, IR and visible light, radiation ...

Both biotic factors, such as forest structure attributes, community-weighted mean of traits, and functional diversity, and abiotic factors, such as topography and soil properties, can impact this ...