Placing the functional model pyramid where the lifecycles intersect at operations, we get the diagram shown in figure ... is that traditional architecture—the hierarchical pyramid—will be replaced by ...

A novel Bayesian Hierarchical Network Model (BHNM) is designed for ensemble predictions of daily river stage, leveraging the spatial interdependence of river networks and hydrometeorological variables ...

The hierarchical model, by contrast, is capable of expressing both assortative and disassortative structure and, as Fig. 3c shows, gives substantially better predictions for the grassland network.