The author and editors take ultimate responsibility for the content. A blockchain ecosystem refers to the different parts that make up a blockchain network and how they interact. All serve a role ...

Disturbance events can occur at many scales and different levels of severity, and some are natural parts of every ecosystem. Disturbance events can alter species composition, nutrient cycling ...

For New Zealand, a country with an underwater territory 14 times its landmass, marine ecosystems present a significant ...

The biotic parts of the ecosystem, which include bacteria, flora and fauna, have a complex relationship with the abiotic components - changing one will lead to a change in the other.

When desert ecosystems have been damaged or destroyed, how do we restore ecological functions, including those directly benefiting humans? Desert restoration is difficult, but possible.

The biotic parts of the ecosystem, which include bacteria, flora and fauna, have a complex relationship with the abiotic components - changing one will lead to a change in the other.