Hail is a form of precipitation consisting of solid ice that forms inside thunderstorm updrafts. Hail can damage aircraft, homes and cars, and can be deadly to livestock and people. What we do: …

NSSL's Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm, or HCA, uses dual-polarization technology to automatically sort between ten types of radar echoes including big raindrops and hail. This …

the HSDA to classify the size of the hail into 1 of 3 categories: small (D < 1”), large (1” ≤ D < 2”) or giant (D ≥ 2”). The HSDA only uses 3 dual-pol variables and their associated quality fields:

Often called “popcorn” convection, single-cell thunderstorms are small, brief, weak storms that grow and die within an hour or so. They are typically driven by heating on a summer afternoon. …

the hail of small and giant sizes are much more pronounced than the corresponding differences in Z. The plots in Fig. 3 were used to specify parameters of the membership functions in different …

Hail Detection. Hail can be detected using radar. On Doppler radar, hail generally sends a return signal that looks like extremely heavy rainfall. Dual-polarization radar technology, used by the …

Information about hail forecasting, models and methodology, from the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory.

Scientists think that the initial process for creating charge regions in thunderstorms involves small hail particles called graupel that are roughly one quarter millimeter to a few millimeters in …

Hail: A chunk of ice falling from the sky ranging from the size of a pea to a grapefruit; hail occurs exclusively in thunderstorms. Sleet is not tiny hail but is instead produced by a different process.

Because most convective storms produce small hail, at least aloft, routine observations of the polarimetric TBSS at C band would indicate that these small stones produce enough of a …