The β-lactam ring is part of the core structure of several antibiotic families, the principal ones being the penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams, which are, therefore, also called β-lactam antibiotics. Nearly all of these antibiotics work by …

Greek prefixes in alphabetical order indicate ring size. This ring-size nomenclature stems from the fact that hydrolysis of an α-lactam gives an α- amino acid and that of a β-Lactam gives a β-amino acid, and so on. General synthetic methods are used for the organic synthesis of lactams.

By definition, all β-lactam antibiotics have a β-lactam ring in their structure. The effectiveness of these antibiotics relies on their ability to reach the PBP intact and their ability to bind to the PBP.

Resistance to β-lactams is primarily because of bacterially produced β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam ring, thereby inactivating the drug. The newest effort to circumvent resistance is the development of novel broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors that work against many problematic β-lactamases, including cephalosporinases ...

Jun 4, 2023 · These antibiotics (most of which end in the suffix -cillin) contain a nucleus of 6-animopenicillanic acid (lactam plus thiazolidine) ring and other ringside chains. The group includes natural penicillins, beta-lactamase-resistant agents, aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and ureidopenicillins.

Feb 3, 2012 · The β -lactam ring is considered the central motif of the main drugs utilized for the treatment of several bacterial infections such as ampicillin and amoxicillin [14]. The development of efficient and direct methodologies for the synthesis of β -lactams is highly desirable [15–33].

The structural characteristics of a β-lactam ring provide higher reactivity for β-lactam antibiotics to inactivate penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) than a linear, five- or six-membered ring and stable benzene ring with conjugated double bonds.

Beta-lactamases are a diverse class of enzymes produced by bacteria that break open the beta-lactam ring, inactivating the beta-lactam antibiotic. Some beta-lactamases are encoded on mobile genetic elements (eg, plasmids); others are encoded on chromosomes.

Structure of Lactam. Uses of Lactam. Antibiotic resistance is provided by beta-lactamase, which breaks the structure of antibiotics. A four-atom ring known as alpha-lactam is present in all of these antibiotics’ molecular structures. Antibiotics with alpha-lactams are used to prevent and cure bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms.

β-Lactam nucleus is the core of the biological activity of a large class of antibiotics characterized by the presence of this four-membered ring and differentiated by side chains, unsaturations, heteroatoms, and, in many cases, by the presence of five-or six-membered rings.