Atrial septal defect is an uncommon congenital defect of dogs and cats. The mid-septal location (secundum-type) is most common. Small defects may be hemodynamically insignificant and …

The cat developed a valve-incompetent PFO and interatrial shunting only after severe LA enlargement, with serial echocardiographic examinations confirming the acquired etiology of …

Jul 15, 2008 · Pulmonic stenosis, affectionately known as PS, is the third most common congenital heart disease in dogs. It can be accompanied by additional heart defects to create …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital cardiac lesion that frequently persists into adulthood . Although most patients with a PFO are asymptomatic, a variety of clinical manifestations may …

Sep 28, 2020 · Severe left atrial dilation was suspected to cause interatrial shunting through the valve-incompetent foramen ovale, and this finding may be relevant to echocardiographic …

Mar 7, 2025 · Patent foramen ovale is the name given to persistence of the vital fetal channel between the atria which allows blood to bypass the lungs until birth. With the onset of neonatal …

Dec 6, 2021 · Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a common postnatal defect of cardiac atrial septation. A certain degree of familial aggregation has been reported. Animal studies suggest …

Coronary CTA constitutes a more practical and efficient alternative to TTE for PFO diagnosis. Further, it allows the clear visualization of anatomical details of the interatrial tunnel, shunts, …

Nov 1, 2024 · In the present review, we describe the important role of foramen ovale in in-utero physiology, flow visualization in patients with PFO, as well as contributing factors that work in …

Aug 5, 2019 · Echocardiography identified an imperforate CTD associated with a right‐to‐left shunting PFO and valvular pulmonary stenosis. A 2‐step interventional and surgical approach …