I'm trying to come up with a formula for the average energy of the signals in a M-QAM constellation. If $b$ is the number of bits represented by each point in the constellation, such …

The optimal detection rule (assuming all constellation symbols are equally likely) is the maximum-likelihood detection rule X^ = argmax x 2C f (Y jx ) \ Choose the symbol from which y is most …

Sep 23, 2007 · This post attempts to compute the average energy of the 16-QAM, 64-QAM and M-QAM constellation (where is a power of 2), thanks to the nice example 5.16 in [DIG-COMM …

How to compute the average energy for the modified 16-QAM constellation below? I know that for regular/rectangular 16-QAM we can utilize the 4-PAM along each axes but I'm not sure how …

Energy per symbol. This is the total signal power divided by the symbol rate, R s. E c: Energy in a single coded bit, or bit into the FEC decoder. E c is related to E s by the modulation type, …

The average symbol or bit energy for a given con-stellation can be computed as the average over all symbols. Exercise 2: What is the average bit energy for the QPSK and 16-QAM …

The average energy per symbol for a given constellation of points is calculated using the formula: E s = M 1 i = 1 ∑ M ∣ s i ∣ 2 where M is the number of symbols and s i are the constellation …

Of the two quantities that Dilip pointed out, it's probably easiest to estimate the average energy per symbol. If you perform a long-term sliding average across many symbols, that will help to …

Jul 24, 2016 · The average symbol energy in a constellation is given by the average of all individual symbol energies. For $M=2$, \begin{align*} E_{M-\text{PAM}} &= …

Since the number of constellation points is the same for each constellation, equal energy per bit corresponds to equal symbol energy, and, from Eq.(1), this occurs when