Critical flow is a significant phenomenon in reactor safety analysis, which has remained a research focus for several decades. The critical flow rate determines the rate of coolant loss in …

Critical flow is defined by the following differential equation : (2-1) and it corresponds to the maximum flow rate that can be achieved by a compressible fluid as it passes from a high …

Sep 7, 2010 · Various models for critical flow have been developed over many decades; early attempts include the Homogenous Equilibrium Model (HEM) through to more sophisticated …

Critical flow is an important phenomenon that can affect the flow rate of fluid when the velocity of fluid flow exceeds the velocity of sound. In this case, acoustic signals can no longer propagate …

Dec 19, 2024 · Explore the fundamentals and engineering applications of critical flow, focusing on principles, identification, and influencing factors. Understanding critical flow is essential in …

Mar 21, 2025 · This work investigates how the unsteady rapidly varied flow affects the hydraulic characteristics of the critical flow for seven types of weirs using the shallow water equations …

There are three different two-phase critical flow models proposed respectively by Fa~ske,~ Moody,5 and Levy.6 These theoretical models differ from one another in essentially two …

"> The presentation provides description of subcooled choking and two-phase HEM critical flow model used in ass ,ssment and plant application calculations "> The model uncertainty is …

Starting from the definition of critical flows, the methods used for modeling are summarized. It appears that difficulties arise from the various nature of the laws governing mass, momentum …

The expression of the interaction terms of the balance equa tions, especially the added mass term in the momentum equations and the rate of vapour formation in the mass and energy …