Previously, randomized polynomial-time approximation schemes (FPRAS) were known first by Morris and Sinclair via Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, and subsequently by Dyer via dynamic programming ...

The 0-1 Knapsack Problem (KP) and Bin Packing Problem (BPP) are NP-hard combinatorial optimization challenges often tackled using metaheuristics. Both problems have prominent utilization in the real ...