Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the superiority of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs ... term clinical follow-up trials of a subcutaneous ICD, all sponsored by the ...

When applied to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), commercially available handheld electro-shockers pose a ...

An automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD or AICD ... Venous access is through the subclavian vein. Subcutaneous ICDs without leads have been available since 2012.

Research has found that handheld electro-shockers commonly used for self defense can potentially interact with cardiac ...