Object-oriented programming (OOP) languages are designed to overcome these problems. The basic unit of OOP is a class, which encapsulates both the static properties and dynamic operations within a ...

Methods operate on an object's internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication. Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through an ...

However, as real life has shown, bugs can happen in the most surprising of places. Functional programming is a powerful paradigm. It does require developers to alter the way they think about ...