Kotlin offers big advantages over Java for JVM and Android development, and plays nicely with Java in the same projects ... Versions of Kotlin targeting JavaScript ES5.1 and native code (using ...

At the same time, no other programming languages have emerged with the momentum and strength to overturn Java, Python, and JavaScript as the basic building blocks of software development.

JavaScript was once the startup of the browser wars, and it crushed Java and Flash for the same reasons that startups have the ability to disrupt markets and displace the established players ...

but did see most of the same top five languages reappear, although in a different order. Python was rated the developers' most-loved language, followed by JavaScript, Java, C# and C++.