The risk of high power electromagnetic (HPEM) pulse is dramatically increasing as the output of HPEM pulse increases and the affected electronic devices becomes smaller [1], [2]. There are largely two ...

The noise margin (NM) of an inverter is an important feature for the operation stability of the digital circuits. Owing to their simple structure, easy processes, and relatively high gain, the ...

A clean chalkboard-style illustration showing basic electric circuits with two resistors. The image includes a series connection and a parallel connection. Perfect for educational use in physics, ...