7 Java and JVM language frameworks compared. My evaluations here are, of course, highly subjective. Notice I’ve given all these frameworks my top rating for API support. If you want to build ...

and gave him the task to create a “better Java” (not officially, but in practice). Thus C# and the .NET framework were born. Introducing .NET also addressed some additional Microsoft concerns ...

In brief: According to the Tiobe index of language popularity, the gap between Java and C# is so small ... along with Visual Studio and .NET Framework, which were all closed-source.