Physical layer interfaces pass their messages to upper layers that end up generating IP formatted packets. Application layers above use the IP protocol as their basic underpinning building block. By ...

TCP/IP, or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, powers internet communication with four layers: Application Layer: User interface, e.g., web browsers and email clients, using HTTP and ...

TCP/IP, or the Internet Protocol Suite, is a collection of protocols that form the backbone for how the internet functions. They unify the standards for how the most basic of required functions ...

Learn how the four layers of the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) work and interact, and how you can use them for different network applications.

The current IP address scheme of 32-bit words is fast becoming inadequate. It would appear that 2 32 = 4 294 967 296 combinations of addresses should be enough for everybody, but in practice this is ...

TCP/IP is the backbone of the internet and most computer networks. Almost all network applications, such as email, web browsing, and file sharing, rely on TCP/IP to function properly. Understanding ...

TCP/IP's Layers TCP/IP is a layered protocol with each layer passing data to the next (for details, see TCP/IP abc's). The most common applications are shown here (Web/HTTP, email/SMTP, file ...

If you understand the concepts of IP addresses, then lets move on to TCP and UDP ports and how they work. The devices and comptuers connected to the Internet use a protocol called TCP/IP to ...

The TCP/IP protocol uses a very simple four-layer model (Application, Transport, Internet, and Link Layer). TCP/IP’s layers are much simpler to remember than the seven-layer Open Systems ...