Every protein in the body is encased in a water shell that directs protein structure, provides vital stability and steers ...

Finding the shortest path between two given points over a curved surface is very important both in theoretically and practically. This article introduces the frame of genetic algorithm and with the ...

In the last decade, the OSPF (open shortest path first) routing protocol has proven its robustness, but it also has some major drawbacks. It reacts quite slowly to network changes, and load balancing ...