Variance is a measurement of dispersion across a data set, comparing the difference between every other number ... sum of the squares by the number of values in the data set.

Long CoT reasoning improves large language models' performance on complex tasks but comes with drawbacks. The typical "think-then-answer" method slows down response times, disrupting real-time ...

A Python-based image steganography tool that hides and retrieves secret messages in images using pixel manipulation. It supports separate encryption and decryption processes with a passcode for ...