While Layer 2 protocols such as STP operate within a LAN environment, routing between subnets requires Layer 3 dynamic routing to minimize management costs and maximize network uptime. Many dynamic ...

It is true that Layer 3 routing protocols converge much faster and provide better failover protection than the Layer 2 spanning tree protocol, but this comes at some cost. Switching (at Layer 2 ...

Loki allows auditing layer 3 routing protocols by abusing and highlighting configuration weaknesses. I love new security testing tools.

Routing Protocols. Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchange of routing tables, or known networks, between routers. There are a lot of ...

This post explains what is IP routing and the various Routing protocols - Distance vector (RIP, IGRP) and Link state (OSPF, IS-IS).

Therefore, it is the job of the IP layer to interface to these lower layers, while presenting a uniform network-addressing scheme to the layers above it. The IP layer prepares data sent to it by ...

On Thursday, decentralized infrastructure project Human Protocol said it was launching a new blockchain coordination layer to handle routing functionality among third-party vendors to power data ...

Layer dependencies in the Bitcoin protocol stack are vital. Layer 2, for example, depends on the security and integrity of Layer 1. Upgrades or changes in Layer 1 can have a profound impact on ...