NPN and PNP Transistor Pulse Outputs: An Open Collector NPN output is configured like a switch to the 0V supply of the flow meter. It requires a ‘Pull-Up’ resistor connected to a positive voltage.

Among the many methods available for air flow detection, self-heated thermal flow sensors are simple, cheap, rugged, and sensitive. They rely on the relationship between airspeed (AF) and thermal ...

In general, NPN and PNP are the terms for the type of output transistor used in a sensor to switch the load. The type of transistor determines the direction of current flow. Here, the term LOAD ...

Sourcing power means the sensor output supplies a positive voltage when the sensor turns on. This is called a pnp output. The name comes from the pnp output transistors used to control the power.

In this paper, a CMOS temperature sensor using cascaded PNP transistors was designed and measured. The commonly used band gap reference current source, which used bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) ...

There are numerous differences between NPN and PNP transistors, and even though both are bipolar junction transistors, the direction of current flow is the name of the game.

To ensure that the transistor switch is completely turned OFF, R2 is used in the circuit below. The resistor ensures that the base of the transistor does not go slightly negative which cause a very ...