If you are driving the transistor’s base with 0V to 5V while emitter is on 12V (Vbe is then -7V to -12V), you can’t fully turn the transistor off as there is some base current flowing at all ...

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In the simple circuit shown in Figure 9.9 (the case shown is for an NPN transistor, but a virtually identical circuit, but with negative supply rails, could be made with a similar PNP transistor), the ...

To mitigate the increasing short-channel effects of miniaturization, the channel is wrapped increasingly with gate metal and insulating oxides to improve electrostatic control while worsening ...

This paper concerns trigger and pulse circuits for transistors having emitter-to-collector current gain (such as point-contact units). The circuits are designed to permit reliable operation with ...