Mathematical models of systems and linear approximations. Transfer functions of linear systems, block diagrams and signal flow graphs. Sensitivity, control of transient response, disturbance signals.

Simple phenomena, such as how sap flows down a tree trunk, are straightforward and can be captured in a few lines of code using what mathematicians call linear differential equations. But in nonlinear ...

The fastest conceivable runtime for a maximum flow algorithm would just be a multiple of m (that is, m 1.0), since it takes some multiple of m steps just to write down a network. This is referred to ...