x86 is a complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architecture (ISA ... such as Arm or RISC-V. CPU microcode is a low-level layer that translates complex x86 CISC instructions ...

which led to Intel suing NEC over copying the microcode that forms an integral part of the x86 architecture. In a recent The Chip Letter entry by [Babbage] this case is covered in detail.

These architectures required hardware with programmable microcode, which required either custom hardware, or computer systems ... an object-based memory architecture, rather than the low-level ...

The key makes it possible to decrypt the microcode updates Intel provides ... or Atom—that’s based on Intel’s Goldmont architecture. The genesis for the discovery came three years ago ...

the BIOS or UEFI has to reload the update every time the computer reboots. However, I was told on another forum that when the BIOS or UEFI updates the CPU microcode, the update is persistent ...

However, some eagle-eyed reviewers and users noticed a potential drawback: core-to-core latency was noticeably higher in the Zen 5 architecture ... addressed it with a microcode update included ...

After installing Intel microcode updates, Windows 10 will require you to restart your computer for the patches to be applied. Before doing so, be sure to save any documents that may be open before ...

MSI has begun rolling out BIOS updates based on AMD's latest microcode, AGESA (AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture) 1.0.0.4. MSI had previously claimed the new microcode would introduce ...

The file contains information on the status of microcode updates for each of ... The reasons basically vary from "redesigning the CPU micro-architecture is impossible or not worth the effort ...

TL;DR: Intel promised to fix its Raptor Lake stability issues with a microcode update but said it could take weeks for motherboard makers to implement the fix. However, it's only been a few days ...