A simple way to create a gain equations is via a Signal Flow Graph (SFG). Mason’s Gain Formula is the input to output gain formula (transfer function) for any Linear Circuit. ... The example SFG has a ...

Signal flow graph . To construct the SFG we need models for an Impedance Z and an op-amp. Let’s do the easy one first. The op-amp schematic and SFG are shown below. Op amp schematic . Op amp signal ...

Concepts of feedback; open loop and closed loop systems. Feedback in electrical and mechanical systems. Mathematical models of systems and linear approximations. Transfer functions of linear systems, ...