In this paper, we set a multi-objective mathematical model for feed formula optimal problem, propose a new MOPSO-based feed formula optimal method. A global selection method of particle and a ...

The Luhn algorithm is a mathematical formula developed in the late 1950s. The Luhn algorithm is widely used to validate the authenticity of identification numbers, such as Social Security numbers.

In The Formula, Luke Dormehl takes readers inside the world of numbers, asking how we came to believe in the all-conquering power of algorithms; introducing the mathematicians, artificial intelligence ...

Part I derives a new topological formula for the terminalpair reliability of complex networks. The formula generates only non-cancelling terms. The non-cancelling terms in the reliability expression ...