Particle Swarm Optimization Demo [Click on image for larger view.] Figure 2. Dummy Double-Dip Function to Minimize The image in Figure 2 is the graph of the function: z = x * exp( -(x^2 + y^2) ) This ...

Novel 'cuckoo search algorithm' beats particle swarm optimization in engineering design. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 28, 2025 from www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2010 / 05 / 100527213816.htm.

Particle Swarm Optimization vs. Back-Propagation There are several reasons why you might want to consider using PSO rather than back-propagation to train a neural network. Based on my experience, back ...