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Modular Arithmetic This issue of Students Explorations in Mathematics introduces students to modular arithmetic and its applications. This activity will help develop students’ problem-solving ...

Learn how to speed up exponentiation using modular arithmetic, a system of arithmetic where numbers wrap around after reaching a modulus. Discover the algorithm and the code for fast exponentiation.

You may never have heard of modular arithmetic, but you use it every day without the slightest difficulty. In this system, numbers wrap around when they reach a certain size called the modulus; it ...

In this paper we present an efficient decision procedure which can deal with modulo equivalence based on Horner-Expansion-Diagram (HED) as a canonical decision diagram in order to prove the ...

The first chapter, on graphical arithmetic, gives, at perhaps undue length, the geometrical constructions corresponding to the ordinary arithmetical processes, with the employment of scales and ...

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is widely used in asymmetric cryptographic systems. The efficiency of an ECC processor highly depends on its modular arithmetic units responsible for modular ...

Abstract We implemented the widely used CXTFIT code in Excel to provide flexibility and added sensitivity and uncertainty analysis functions to improve transport parameter estimation and to facilitate ...