Figures 6, 7, and 8 show examples of load-dump protection performance at 14 V, 22 V, and 33 V, respectively, for 12- and 24-V automotive systems. 6. Clamping waveform of a 14-V TVS with voltage ...

This dummy-load circuit, ... For example, to regulate R A, set R6 at full scale and adjust the largest of the three resistors in R6 (100 O) until the ammeter reads 1.00 A.

Then a numerical fitting tool, cubic spline interpolation is applied to identify the parameters noise-source equivalent circuit without measuring at the same load value. As a result, it is found that ...

Saturated load is city's maximum affordable load, which is very important for urban development planning. As the power grid matures, the short-circuit current gradually becomes the key factor ...