Photonic crystals are periodic optical structures that can control the flow of light. Multiple reflections from surfaces separated by a distance similar to the wavelength prevent an optical beam ...

these existing schemes can be divided into two structures including the parallel structure and series structure. In the parallel control structure, the compensation part is added to the model-based ...

The bureaucracy may grow into a complex structure with multiple layers and cumbersome procedures. Bureaucracies can render an organization rigid and rule-bound. One of the key characteristics of a ...

The Board of Governors, the highest decision-making body of the IMF, consists of one governor and one alternate governor for each member country. The governor is appointed by the member country and is ...

Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Department of Chemical Science and ...

Abstract: In this paper, the authors propose a new variable-structure (switching) method for the prevention of proportional-integral-derivative controller integrator windup in both continuous and ...