Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular MRI (4D flow CMR) can more accurately estimate peak aortic valve velocities (V Peak) than traditional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patients with aortic ...

Advanced imaging, like 4D-flow CMR, aids in understanding PA remodeling in different PH subtypes, offering non-invasive differentiation. PAH patients exhibit distinct PA flow characteristics ...

Markl's cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging test can detect the blood's velocity through the heart and body. Called "atrial 4D flow CMR," the technique is non-invasive and does not require ...