The Arduino software environment ... When you build a C++ program there are two main stages. You compile the code using the compiler. That generates a number of object files — one for each ...

You’re writing in C/C++, using a library of functions ... ino” code defines setup() and loop() but never declares them. So that’s one thing that the Arduino IDE does for you.

In the setup() function we set all led pins as OUTPUT using a for loop. I won’t insist on how the for() loop works but I promise I’ll start a C++ tutorial to explain some of the most used functions in ...