We propose a new rule, loop reversal, in block diagram and signal flow graph manipulation (or transformation) that leads to equivalent block diagrams or signal flow graphs from existing ones. It is ...

Reading a P&ID is a self-study workbook offering a concise course on how to read and understand Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&IDs). These drawings, also known as Process and Instrumentation ...

Auto-Derivation of Functional Flow Block Diagrams from System Architecture using the eSAM Method Abstract: The Electronic System Architecture Modeling (eSAM) ... Due to lagging diagram maintenance, ...