European leaders said they would respond firmly to higher levies on steel and aluminum, but they had yet to say what that retaliation would look like.

Between 2014 and 2024, US imports from the EU grew by 44%. On the other hand, the US exported around €357 billion in goods to the EU in 2024. The top months were March, August, and November. In 2014,

French steelmaker Aperam on Tuesday called on Brussels to intervene to curb imports if new 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminium imports into the United States prompt companies to ship more to the European Union instead.