Here, we address these issues, advancing the art of engineering living digital circuits by focusing on two main engineering goals. First, we built a universal, single-gene NOR logic gate ...

A PC’s serial port provides signal lines that you can use to read voltage levels of digital circuits. You can use the port to test digital TTL (transistor-to-transistor-logic)-level circuits. You just ...

The novel chips work by exploiting inherent “chaotic” behavior within the integrated circuits, enabling a single, simple circuit to behave like any kind of logic gate. Such a chip could be ...

The underlying circuits are a complex, networked system of logic gates that generate binary input and output signals controlled by electrons as signal carriers. A long-cherished dream is to ...