Traditional inverters – NOT gates – are already made with diodes (typically not light-emitting), resistors ... The next step was to build a S-R latch using the NAND gates and inverters ...

In this way, create a new circuit with the NAND gate, and then use that circuit to create a new circuit again ... That's how to play NAND Game. The AND circuit is created at the next level.

Hence, in this study, these researchers demonstrated fundamental logic gates (NAND and NOR) using -shaped spin wave waveguides composed of YIG. This element has three inputs and one output. This also ...