Arduino Uno: The microcontroller used to interface with the sensors and the Blynk platform. pH Sensor: Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the water. Salinity Sensor: Detects the salt concentration ...

In this article, a highly sensitive salinity sensor based on the virtual Vernier effect of a micro–nano tapered two-mode fiber (TTMF) is proposed, theoretically analyzed, and experimentally verified.

MEC-10 measures volumitric water content (VWC), soil temperature, soil electrical conductivity (EC) and soil salinity. The output signal of this sensor can be RS485, analog voltage or analog current, ...