Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications ... Summing these together creates the desired output signal. This block diagram can be implemented using either analog or digital techniques (or ...

Conventional pulse-width modulation (PWM) schemes have delay times that ... of the trailing-edge and leading-edge modulators. The block diagram and operational waveforms of this scheme are shown ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation ... signal. Each unique pair of bits generates a carrier with a different phase (Table 1). Figure 3a illustrates QPSK with a phasor diagram ...