So, a crucial thing to note is that you have to know the direction of the current flow. In general, NPN and PNP are the terms for the type of output transistor used in a sensor to switch the load. The ...

If you’ve used sensors before and have ... distinction between NPN and PNP amplifiers. The current flow from collector to emitter in the NPN transistor when the positive supply is applied ...

In an NPN transistor, a positive voltage is given to the collector terminal to produce a current flow from the collector to the emitter. In a PNP transistor, a positive voltage is given to the ...

Self-heated thermal airflow sensors are simple ... forward biases (i.e., PNP base/emitter junctions oppose NPN base/emitter junctions) act to null the respective bias voltages and temperature ...

Dc photoelectric sensors detect the presence or absence of light. When outputs turn on, power flows through the load. When turned off, the load receives no power. The remaining two modes of ...

In the early days, PNP ... a transistor and you’ll see it isn’t much different from an NPN except the base-emitter diode junction is reversed. As you might expect, current has to flow through ...

A versatile signal-conditioning circuit for use with with programmable logic converters or controllers that can accept only one input polarity. Matching a sensor interface with a programmable ...

UCLA researchers have made an electrically-controlled solid-state ‘transistor’ for thermal energy, with a heat-flow on-off ratio of >13:1 when controlled with a ±2.5V base bias at room temperature.