A tutorial on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) networking reference model plus tips on how to memorize the seven layers. The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is a conceptual framework ...

The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) standardized the model under ITU-T X.224. The ITU is a United Nations Specialized Agency and ITU-T stands for ITU Telecommunication Standardization ...

It’s important to understand that the TCP Reference Model doesn’t really concern itself with the OSI Model. With TCP traffic, the connections are established at the transport layer .

This paper explains the 2 popular reference models: OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, by comparing the functionality of each layer in both models. Subscribe to the Developer Insider Newsletter ...

One of the most enduring models in networking is the famous seven-layer OSI model. X.25 roughly, but pretty accurately, is based on the first three layers. And it stopped there. Subsequently ...