As the negative gate voltage on the p-type silicon decreases in the lower diagram, its electric field restricts the area through which electrons can flow in the n-type channel. Chtaube,( CC BY-SA ...

Although several basic logic gates, including NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR 17,18,19,20, and the more complex five-stage ring oscillator have been fabricated 21, CNT-based logical circuits that are more ...

For more than a decade, engineers have been eyeing the finish line in the race to shrink the size of components in integrated circuits. They knew that the laws of physics had set a 5-nanometer ...

Constructing Memory Circuits. With transistors and logic gates as our basic building blocks, we can begin to construct the actual circuits that make up computer memory.

Chips group transistors into logic gates, which carry out elementary logical operations. The simplest is the inverter, or “NOT” gate, which spits out a 0 when fed a 1 and vice versa.