Notation for the Mixed Model This section introduces the mathematical notation used throughout this chapter to describe the mixed linear model. You should be familiar with basic matrix algebra (refer ...

The matrix Z can contain either continuous or dummy variables, just like X. The name mixed model comes from the fact that the model contains both fixed-effects parameters, , and random-effects ...

Analytic perturbation theory for matrices and operators is an immensely useful mathematical technique. Most elementary introductions to this method have their background in the physics literature, and ...