Fig 1 shows a 2nd optocoupler driving an NPN transistor. The components indicated should be able to source or sink 500mA with a voltage drop of about 1V. I was able to test mine at 100mA. At 100mA, ...

Kuekes was previously awarded a patent on the crossbar latch (U.S. 6,586,965) in July 2003, and the Journal of Applied Physics report, titled “The crossbar latch: Logic value storage, restoration and ...

Circuit diagrams often show transistors in switching circuits. For an ideal NPN transistor, the switch-on voltage at the base is typically 0.6V (acceptable range is 0.6V to 0.8V).

We break down the essential component of modern electronics—the transistor. Transistors are the building blocks behind most of today’s electronic devices, and understanding how they work is key to ...