Note that no code changes are required between JSP 2.0 and JSP 3.0, which is the current update for Jakarta EE. The Implicit Object example uses JSP 2.0. Implicit objects are built-in objects ...

JSP does not provide direct support for encapsulating layout, so Webpages with identical formats usually replicate layout code; for example, Figure 1 shows a Webpage containing header, footer ...

It should clean your code considerably and make it easier to read and debug. Note: This will be placed at the top of the JSP along with any class and tag library includes, and is already required for ...