All systems can be understood using an input-process-output (IPO) model, and the system we call “innovation” is no exception. This model is likely familiar to you from information technology ...

To understand the input-output problem, there are two major factors to keep in mind: structure and process. Think of information ... to “train” their systems to find minute correlations between inputs ...

Unlike electrical control systems ... Think of a bicycle - when you pedal (input), the chain and gears (process) make the wheel turn (output). Other examples include door handles, wind-up toys ...

Notice how the output includes only the first String the Java Scanner read. The rest of the text is ignored. This is because the Scanner class tokenizes the input String based on any whitespace ...