That was one takeaway from MarketWatch’s discussion with Rachel Fishman, acting director, higher education program at New America on Barron’s Live about decoding financial aid offers.

"The process of decoding involves phonics and letter-sound relationships," says Carly Shuler, co-founder and CEO of Hoot Reading, an online reading program. "Decoding is learning how letters sound ...

The first step in decoding—and ultimately meeting—customer demand is thus understanding what's behind it. In the case of Lockheed Martin, according to Chief Technology Officer Dr. Ray O.