In it, Darwin relied on a diagram called "The Tree of Life ... "Trees are facing this paradigm shift," Lima says. "The tree, as a representational hierarchy, cannot accommodate things like ...

not a hierarchy. The problem of limitations is especially true for tree diagrams that don’t resemble trees – and fewer and fewer do. Lima’s guidance is sadly absent where it’s needed most.

If the TREE option is specified, the NETDRAW procedure checks if the network has a tree structure and draws the network with the root at the left edge of the diagram and the children of each node ...

Tree diagrams have been used in evolutionary biology ... organize their knowledge of biodiversity, and structure and guide ongoing evolutionary research. But what exactly is a phylogeny?