For many decades, the easiest way to organize a small business was to follow the corporate hierarchical model, which has different layers of management forming a top-to-bottom chain of command.

The Purdue Model has provided a hierarchical structure for industrial communications ... Around the outside of the new hybrid model diagram, the traditional Purdue Model data flows will continue to ...

The hierarchical model, by contrast, is capable of expressing both assortative and disassortative structure and, as Fig. 3c shows, gives substantially better predictions for the grassland network.